![]() ![]() The definition of the Widom line as given in Ref. The extension of the coexistence curve into the one-phase region is the Widom line 14. The anomalies in the heat capacity, the compressibility and the thermal-expansion coefficient experimentally observed upon supercooling 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 thus might be associated with this critical point, even if it is inaccessible. According to this view, deeply in the supercooled region, just below the line of homogeneous ice nucleation, there could exist a critical point of liquid–liquid coexistence (LLCP) that would terminate the line of first-order transitions between two liquid aqueous phases, low-density liquid (LDL) and high-density liquid (HDL) ( Fig. Reliable prediction of properties of supercooled water is also important for cryobiology 4.Ī provocative, but thermodynamically consistent, view on the global phase behaviour of supercooled water was expressed in 1992 by Poole et al. In particular, in applied atmospheric science it is commonly accepted that the uncertainties in numerical weather prediction and climate models are mainly caused by poor understanding of properties of water in tropospheric and stratospheric clouds, where liquid water can exist in a deeply supercooled state 2, 3. ![]() On the other hand, there is a growing interest in the prediction of properties of supercooled water. This is especially true for metastable supercooled water, which is now a focal point of debates. Still, the famous statement of 1972 by Franks ‘of all known liquids, water is probably the most studied and least understood’ 1 remains topical. Cold and supercooled water have been the subject of intensive experimental, theoretical and computational studies for the last several decades.
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